Thermal And Cooling Systems Modeling Of Powertrain For A Plug -In Parallel-Through-The-Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Thermal modeling and control play an ever increasing role with hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) design and development for improving overall vehicle energy efficiency, and to account for additional thermal loading from electric powertrain components such as electric motor, motor controller and battery pack. This thesis presents a complete development process for an efficient modeling approach with integrated control strategy for the thermal management of plug-in HEV in a parallel-through-the road (PTTR) architecture, adopted by Wayne State University Hybrid Warriors for their Department of Energy\u27s EcoCAR2 Plugging in to the Future Competition. The frameworks of this project include simulating the thermal behavior of major HEV powertrain components using system oriented models suitable for real-time vehicle operation. A comprehensive control algorithm is established in a Thermal Manager, as part of vehicle supervisory controller. Finally, the proposed model is tested through realistic driving conditions to demonstrate reliability

A two-stage framework for optical coherence tomography angiography image quality improvement

IntroductionOptical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a new non-invasive imaging modality that gains increasing popularity for the observation of the microvasculatures in the retina and the conjunctiva, assisting clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. However, poor imaging quality, such as stripe artifacts and low contrast, is common in the acquired OCTA and in particular Anterior Segment OCTA (AS-OCTA) due to eye microtremor and poor illumination conditions. These issues lead to incomplete vasculature maps that in turn makes it hard to make accurate interpretation and subsequent diagnosis.MethodsIn this work, we propose a two-stage framework that comprises a de-striping stage and a re-enhancing stage, with aims to remove stripe noise and to enhance blood vessel structure from the background. We introduce a new de-striping objective function in a Stripe Removal Net (SR-Net) to suppress the stripe noise in the original image. The vasculatures in acquired AS-OCTA images usually exhibit poor contrast, so we use a Perceptual Structure Generative Adversarial Network (PS-GAN) to enhance the de-striped AS-OCTA image in the re-enhancing stage, which combined cyclic perceptual loss with structure loss to achieve further image quality improvement.Results and discussionTo evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we apply the proposed framework to two synthetic OCTA datasets and a real AS-OCTA dataset. Our results show that the proposed framework yields a promising enhancement performance, which enables both conventional and deep learning-based vessel segmentation methods to produce improved results after enhancement of both retina and AS-OCTA modalities

Marine toxin (+)‐chaetocin‐induced apoptosis of lung large cell carcinoma cell lines through cell cycle arrest via CDKN1A expression and replicative stress

Abstract Lung large cell carcinoma is a common type of lung cancer with poor prognosis. Although targeted drugs have achieved enormous success in treating non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), new chemotherapy is needed since the emerged drug resistance always hinders curative effects. The fungal toxin (+)‐chaetocin demonstrated strong antineoplastic activities against the tested lung large cell carcinoma cell lines H460 and H661 at submicromolar concentrations. Further research demonstrated that (+)‐chaetocin effectively induced H460 apoptosis at 10–30 nM concentrations, while cell death occurred at 60 nM concentrations due to DNA duplication errors. Cell cycle and transcriptional analyses proved that cell cycle arrest via CDKN1A expression and the comprehensive replicative stress of (+)‐chaetocin are key factors in the (+)‐chaetocin working mechanisms

Genome-wide developed microsatellites reveal a weak population differentiation in the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae) across China.

The hoverfly, Eupeodes corollae, is a worldwide natural enemy of aphids and a plant pollinator. To provide insights into the biology of this species, we examined its population genetic structure by obtaining 1.15-GB random genomic sequences using next-generation sequencing and developing genome-wide microsatellite markers. A total of 79,138 microsatellite loci were initially isolated from the genomic sequences; after strict selection and further testing of 40 primer pairs in eight individuals, 24 polymorphic microsatellites with high amplification rates were developed. These microsatellites were used to examine the population genetic structure of 96 individuals from four field populations collected across southern to northern China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 13 with an average of 8.75; the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.235 to 0.768 and from 0.333 to 0.785, respectively. Population genetic structure analysis showed weak genetic differentiation among the four geographical populations of E. corollae, suggesting a high rate of gene flow reflecting likely widespread migration of E. corollae in China

Selective electrogenerative oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandialdehyde

2,5‐furandialdehyde (DFF) was synthesized by electrogenerative oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over a PtRu catalyst with 89 % selectivity at 50 °C after 17 h. This approach opens an avenue for a selective, energy‐efficient and green oxidation of biomass‐derived platform alcohols to added‐value chemicals

High-throughput multiplexed tandem repeat genotyping using targeted long-read sequencing

Background: Tandem repeats (TRs) are highly prone to variation in copy numbers due to their repetitive and unstable nature, which makes them a major source of genomic variation between individuals. However, population variation of TRs has not been widely explored due to the limitations of existing approaches, which are either low-throughput or restricted to a small subset of TRs. Here, we demonstrate a targeted sequencing approach combined with Nanopore sequencing to overcome these limitations.Methods: We selected 142 TR targets and enriched these regions using Agilent SureSelect target enrichment approach with only 200 ng of input DNA. We barcoded the enriched products and sequenced on Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer. We used VNTRTyper and Tandem-genotypes to genotype TRs from long-read sequencing data. Gold standard PCR sizing analysis was used to validate genotyping results from targeted sequencing data.\ua0Results: We achieved an average of 3062-fold target enrichment on a panel of 142 TR loci, generating an average of 97X coverage per sample with 200 ng of input DNA per sample. We successfully genotyped an average of 75% targets and genotyping rate increased to 91% for the highest-coverage sample for targets with length less than 2 kb, and GC content greater than 25%. Alleles estimated from targeted long-read sequencing were concordant with gold standard PCR sizing analysis and highly correlated with alleles estimated from whole genome long-read sequencing.Conclusions: We demonstrate a targeted long-read sequencing approach that enables simultaneous analysis of hundreds of TRs and accuracy is comparable to PCR sizing analysis. Our approach is feasible to scale for more targets and more samples facilitating large-scale analysis of TRs

Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances in Suspended Symmetric Double-Layer Gratings

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) with high-quality factors supported by metal nanoparticle arrays are useful for plasmonic nanolasers, biochemical sensors, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Most nanoparticle arrays are fabricated on a substrate, and the refractive index mismatch between the substrate and superstrate suppresses the performance of SLRs. In this work, we propose unique SLRs excited in suspended, self-aligned symmetric double-layer gratings with index-matched environment. The self-aligned double-layer gratings are fabricated using a single-step electron beam lithography and exhibit a Fano-like spectra resulting from interference between out-of-plane plasmonic resonances and diffraction modes. By changing the incident angle and refractive index of the surrounding medium, the SLRs can be tuned from visible to near-infrared regions with a high-quality factor of 120